Estudio sobre la aproximación al VIH: gestión sanitaria y el proceso asistencial en España / Study on the approach to HIV: health management and the process healthcare in Spain

Introducción: El VIH sigue representando un problema de gran relevancia para la salud pública en España. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis que permita conocer en profundidad los recursos, cuidados clínicos y la gestión durante las fases de diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento de la infección por el VIH en España. Métodos: En la primera fase un comité científico multidisciplinar diseñó una herramienta de recogida de información, en forma de encuesta. En la segunda fase, realizada en las comunidades autónomas de Andalucía, Cataluña y La Rioja, un grupo multidisciplinar de 42 expertos, representantes de la administración pública, perfiles clínicos y representantes de las ONG en el ámbito del VIH contestaron a la encuesta. Resultados: La valoración de los recursos destinados al VIH es en general positiva. En el diagnóstico los expertos consideraron que existía una buena coordinación entre atención primaria y hospitalaria. Con respecto al tratamiento las valoraciones han reflejado una buena opinión sobre la conciliación terapéutica y adherencia, y una valoración negativa sobre la evaluación de las interacciones entre medicamentos con el tratamiento antirretroviral. Sobre el seguimiento, la percepción expresada fue dispar con respecto a la coordinación entre atención hospitalaria y primaria y sobre la adaptación de los cuidados a la cronicidad, envejecimiento, fragilidad, salud mental y los procesos oncológicos. Conclusión: Existen determinados procesos que pueden ser mejorados en relación con el manejo de la infección de las personas con VIH en España, incluyendo protocolos de seguimiento y coordinación entre atención primaria y hospitalaria en el tratamiento y seguimiento de la enfermedad.(AU)

Introduction: HIV continues to represent a problem of great relevance for public health in Spain. This study aims to carry out an analysis that will provide in-depth knowledge of the resources, clinical care, and management during the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment phases of HIV infection in Spain. Methods: In the first phase, a multidisciplinary Scientific Committee designed an information collection tool in the form of a survey. In the second phase, carried out in the autonomous communities of Andalusia, Catalonia, and La Rioja, a multidisciplinary group of 42 experts, representatives of the public administration, clinical profiles, and representatives of NGOs in the field of HIV answered the survey. Results: The assessment of HIV resources is generally positive. As regards diagnosis, the experts considered that there was good coordination between primary and hospital care. Regarding treatment, the evaluations reflected good opinions on therapeutic conciliation and adherence, with a negative opinion in the evaluation of drug interactions with antiretroviral treatment. Regarding follow-up, the perception expressed was disparate concerning the coordination between hospital and primary care as well as the adaptation of care to chronicity, aging, fragility, mental health, and oncological processes. Conclusion: There are certain processes that can be improved in the management of HIV infection in people with HIV in Spain, including protocols for follow-up and coordination between primary and hospital care in the treatment and follow-up of the disease.(AU)

Metrics of efficient use of operating rooms during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic / Métrica de indicadores de uso eficiente de quirófano durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Abstract: Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic has induced a transformation in the way hospitals function, causing a decrease in the time and efforts dedicated to surgical activity, which in turn has caused delays in the surgery schedule of most hospitals. This represents a major public health problem, significantly compromising the principle of equity that inspires public health systems throughout the world. To address this problem, it would be of the utmost importance to put in place initiatives to measure and improve surgical efficiency. Objective: evaluate indicators of efficiency in the use of operating rooms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: a descriptive, longitudinal retrospective study was conducted on 3554 patients scheduled for surgery during a one-year period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Indicators of efficiency in they use of operating rooms were measured. The data was processed using SPSS v-25.0. Results: a total of 3,554 surgeries were scheduled, 1,309 of them emergency surgeries, 1,979 elective surgeries, and 266 deferred surgeries. The following parameters were estimated: Starting time of the procedure (42.32 ± 37.04 min); opportunity for emergency surgeries (104.69 ± 102.55 min); starting time of anesthesia (10.11 ± 9.85 min); starting time of surgery (40.03 ± 24.68 min); time of admission to post-anesthesia care unit/intensive care unit (PACU/ICU) (15.35 ± 29.94 min); turnover or replacement time (177.97 ± 174.33 min); active surgery time (27.70%). Conclusions: the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the indicators of efficient use of operating rooms, posing new challenges for the management and organization of surgical work.

Resumen: Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 ha emplazado una transformación hospitalaria, esto acarreó un decremento de la actividad quirúrgica e implicó un aplazamiento en la programación, lo que representó un problema, ya que comprometió sensiblemente el principio de equidad que inspira a los sistemas sanitarios. Así, resultó imperativa la implementación de iniciativas para medir y mejorar la eficiencia quirúrgica. Objetivo: medir los indicadores de uso eficiente del quirófano durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Material y métodos: se realizó un análisis descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo en 3,554 pacientes programados para cirugía, durante la pandemia en un período de un año, además se midieron los indicadores de uso eficiente del quirófano. Los datos fueron procesados en SPSS v-25.0. Resultados: se programaron 3,554 cirugías, 1,309 urgencias, 1,979 electivas, 266 diferidas. Se estimó un tiempo de inicio del procedimiento 42.32 ± 37.04 min, oportunidad para urgencias quirúrgicas 104.69 ± 102.55 min, tiempo de inicio de anestesia 10.11 ± 9.85 min, tiempo de inicio de cirugía 40.03 ± 24.68 min, tiempo para la admisión en la unidad de cuidados postanestésicos/unidad de terapia intensiva (UCPA/UTI) 15.35 ± 29.94 min, tiempo de rotación o recambio 177.97 ± 174.33 min y tiempo quirúrgico activo 27.70%. Conclusiones: la pandemia por COVID-19 impactó negativamente en los indicadores de uso eficiente del quirófano, lo que implicará nuevos retos en la gestión y organización de la jornada quirúrgica para su mejora.

Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e National Health Service (NHS): uma análise comparativa das potencialidades e fragilidades das ações voltadas à saúde coletiva / Unified Health System (SUS) and National Health Service (NHS): a comparative analysis of the potentialities and weaknesses of actions aimed at collective health

O trabalho é uma análise comparativa combinada com a metodologia de pesquisa exploratória entre o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e National Health Service (NHS) em relação às ações para o atendimento em saúde coletiva. A revisão integrativa foi realizada a partir da busca de artigos nas bases de dados Lilacs e Scielo, utilizando os descritores: Sistema Único de Saúde, National Health Service, Saúde Coletiva e Saúde Pública. Procedeu-se ao cruzamento dos descritores com as variáveis quantitativas contidas nos portais brasileiro (DATASUS) e britânico (DATASETS NHS Digital).(AU)

The work is a comparative analysis combined with an exploratory research methodology between the Unified Health System (SUS) and the National Health Service (NHS) in relation to actions for public health care. The integrative review was performed by searching for articles in the Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the descriptors: Unified Health System (SUS), Collective Health, Public Health. The descriptors were crossed with the quantitative variables contained in the Brazilian (DATASUS) and the British (DATASETS NHS Digital).(AU)

Este trabajo es un análisis comparativo combinado con metodología de investigación exploratoria entre el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) y el Servicio Nacional de Salud (SNS) en relación con las acciones para la atención colectiva de salud. La revisión integradora se realizó mediante la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos Lilacs y Scielo, utilizando los descriptores: Sistema Único de Salud, Servicio Nacional de Salud, Salud Colectiva y Salud Pública. Los descriptores fueron cruzados con las variables cuantitativas contenidas en los portales brasileño (DATASUS) y británico (DATASETS NHS Digital).(AU)

Evidências de validade de umsoftware para gestão da fila cirúrgica eletiva / Evidence of validity of software for managing the elective surgical queue

Objetivo: Desenvolver um software para gestão da fila cirúrgica eletiva. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, conduzido para desenvolver e validar um protótipo computacional na forma de software. Para validar o conteúdo, participaram 55 juízes selecionados intencionalmente. Empregou-se o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo para medir o grau e a porcentagem de concordância entre os juízes. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Piauí, com Nº de Parecer 5.306.171. Resultados: As evidências de validade do conteúdo foram consideradas satisfatórias, indicando clareza, adequação aos objetivos propostos, coerência, atualização, organização lógica, precisão e objetividade, além de apresentar potencialidades para que os pacientes possam acompanhar o seu posicionamento na fila. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento do software reúne evidências válidas e favoráveis para a organização e gestão da lista de espera cirúrgica, permitindo a priorização de casos com base na gravidade clínica e no senso de urgência.(AU)

Objective: To develop a software for elective surgery queue management. Methods: Methodological study, conducted to develop and validate a computational prototype in the form of software. To validate the content, 55 intentionally selected judges participated. The Content Validation Index was used to measure the degree and percentage of agreement between the judges. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Piauí, with Opinion No. 5.306.171. Results: The evidence of content validity was considered satisfactory, indicating clarity, adequacy to the proposed objectives, coherence, updating, logical organization, precision and objectivity, in addition to presenting potentialities for patients to monitor their position in the queue. Conclusion: The development of the software brings together valid and favorable evidence for the organization and management of the surgical waiting list, allowing the prioritization of cases based on clinical severity and sense of urgency.(AU)

Objetivo: Desarrollar un software para la gestión de colas de cirugía electiva. Métodos: Estudio metodológico, realizado para desarrollar y validar un prototipo computacional en forma de software. Para validar el contenido, participaron 55 jueces seleccionados intencionadamente. Se utilizó el Índice de Validación de Contenido para medir el grado y el porcentaje de acuerdo entre los jueces. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad Federal de Piauí, con el Dictamen nº 5.306.171. Resultados: Las evidencias de validez de contenido fueron consideradas satisfactorias, indicando claridad, adecuación a los objetivos propuestos, coherencia, actualización, organización lógica, precisión y objetividad, además de presentar potencial para que los pacientes monitoreen su posición en la fila. Conclusión: El desarrollo del software reúne evidencias válidas y favorables para la organización y gestión de la lista de espera quirúrgica, permitiendo la priorización de los casos en función de la gravedad clínica y del sentido de urgencia.(AU)

Study on the approach to HIV: health management and the healthcare process in Spain.

INTRODUCTION: HIV continues to represent a problem of great relevance for public health in Spain. This study aims to carry out an analysis that will provide in-depth knowledge of the resources, clinical care, and management during the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment phases of HIV infection in Spain. METHODS: In the first phase, a multidisciplinary Scientific Committee designed an information collection tool in the form of a survey. In the second phase, carried out in the autonomous communities of Andalusia, Catalonia, and La Rioja, a multidisciplinary group of 42 experts, representatives of the public administration, clinical profiles, and representatives of NGOs in the field of HIV answered the survey. RESULTS: The assessment of HIV resources is generally positive. As regards diagnosis, the experts considered that there was good coordination between Primary and Hospital care. Regarding treatment, the evaluations reflected good opinions on therapeutic conciliation and adherence, with a negative opinion in the evaluation of drug interactions with antiretroviral treatment. Regarding follow-up, the perception expressed was disparate concerning the coordination between Hospital and Primary Care as well as the adaptation of care to chronicity, aging, fragility, mental health, and oncological processes. CONCLUSION: There are certain processes that can be improved in the management of HIV infection in people with HIV in Spain, including protocols for follow-up and coordination between primary and hospital care in the treatment and follow-up of the disease.

Gestión integral de la nutrición artificial domiciliaria: humanización e innovación al servicio del paciente / Holistic management of home artificial nutrition: humanization and innovation at patient’s service

La desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad es una patología frecuente en el mundo desarrollado. Afecta a 30 millones de personas en Europa y tiene un coste asociado de ciento setenta mil millones de euros anuales. En España atañe en torno a 1,7 millones de adultos, lo que supone el 4,4% de la población. La desnutrición aqueja a uno de cada cuatro pacientes en el ingreso hospitalario. Se estima que los pacientes hospitalizados que se encuentran en estado de desnutrición a lo largo de su estancia oscilan entre un 23,7% y un 37%; agudizándose estas cifras en el caso de pacientes pluripatológicos mayores de 70 años, y casi un 10% se desnutre durante su estancia hospitalaria. Todo ello supone un aumento de las estancias hospitalarias y de los costes asociados; en concreto, los costes directos de la desnutrición hospitalaria se estimaron en 1,143 millones anuales en 2009, lo que supone el 1,8% del gasto sanitario del sistema nacional de salud. Los avances en tecnología e infraestructuras han facilitado la transferencia de servicios complejos de hospitales al hogar. Actualmente, la tendencia internacional apunta a un desarrollo cada vez mayor del domicilio como centro de cuidados. Un meta-análisis de 61 ensayos de asignación aleatoria y controlados, publicado en 2012, evidenció que los pacientes atendidos en el domicilio tenían una tasa de mortalidad a los seis meses entre un 19% y un 38% menor que los hospitalizados. La nutrición artificial domiciliaria (NAD) es la administración a domicilio de los nutrientes y demás agentes terapéuticos adjuntos a través de la vía digestiva -nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED)- o intravenosa -nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD)-, con la finalidad de mejorar o mantener, en el ámbito domiciliario, el estado de nutrición de un paciente. Esta modalidad de prestación facilita al paciente poder seguir con los compromisos familiares, sociales y laborales. (AU)

Disease-related malnutrition is a common pathology in the developed world. It affects 30 million people in Europe and it has an associated cost of one hundred and seventy billion euros per year. In Spain, around 1.7 million adults, 4.4% of total population, are negatively affected. Malnutrition affects one out of four patients on hospital admissions. It is estimated that hospitalized patients who are malnourished throughout their stay range from 23.7% to 37%; sharpening these figures for multi-patients over 70 years old, and almost 10% are disensuaded during their hospital stay. All this implies an increase in hospital stays and associated costs; in particular, the direct costs of hospital malnutrition were estimated at 1.143 million annually in 2009, representing 1.8% of health expenses within the national health system. Advances in technology and infrastructure have facilitated the transfer of complex hospital-to-home services. Nowadays, the international trend points to the increasing development of the domicile as a care center. A meta-analysis of 61 randomized and controlled trials, published in 2012, showed that patients treated at home had a six-month mortality rate between 19% and 38% lower than those who were hospitalized. Home artificial nutrition (HAN) is the nutrients home-administration, among other therapeutic agents, administered through the digestive tract -home enteral nutrition (HEN)- or intravenously -home parenteral nutrition (NPD-), with the objective of improving or maintaining, at home, the patient’s nutritional status. That reports into a benefit for the patient as being able to continue the family, social and work commitments. (AU)

Perfil dos secretários municipais de Saúde do Brasil: um panorama de três décadas / Perfil de los secretarios de salud municipales en Brasil: un panorama de tres décadas / Profile of municipal managers of healthcare in Brazil: an overview of three decades

Resumo Os secretários municipais de saúde são atores estratégicos na construção e governança do SUS. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma análise comparativa do perfil dos secretários municipais ao longo de três décadas (1996, 2006 e 2017), com base em dados de três inquéritos transversais realizados em âmbito nacional, por meio de questionários estruturados direcionados para todos os secretários do país. A análise evidenciou aumento da participação feminina, maior diversidade étnica e racial e maior qualificação profissional dos gestores, além da renovação do perfil geracional, mas ainda com predomínio de homens brancos e importantes diferenças regionais. Foi observado avanço da democratização desses espaços de gestão, mas permanece o desafio de tornar a máquina pública mais representativa do conjunto da sociedade brasileira.

Resumen: Les secretarios municipales de salud son actores estratégicos en la construcción del SUS (Sistema Único de Salud) y participan activamente en la gobernanza del sistema. El análisis comparativo del perfil de los secretarios municipales a lo largo de tres décadas (1996, 2006 y 2017) se realizó utilizando la base de datos de tres encuestas transversales realizadas a nivel nacional con cuestionarios estructurados dirigidos a todos los secretarios municipales de salud del país. El aumento de la participación femenina, la mayor diversidad en términos étnicos y raciales, mayor cualificación profesional de los gestores, además de la renovación del perfil generacional, reitera el avance de la democratización de estos espacios de gestión. A pesar de la renovación del perfil durante la construcción del SUS, queda el desafío de hacer que la máquina pública sea más representativa de la sociedad brasileña en su conjunto.

Abstract Municipal health secretaries are strategic actors in the construction of the Brazilian national health system - SUS, actively participating in the system's governance. The comparative analysis of the profile of municipal secretaries over three decades (1996, 2006, and 2017) was carried out using the database of three cross-sectional surveys carried out at the national level with structured questionnaires aimed at all municipal health secretaries in the country. The increase in female participation, greater diversity in ethnic and racial terms, greater professional qualification of managers, and the renewal of the generational profile, reiterates the advance of the democratization of these management spaces. Despite the renewal of the profile during SUS's construction, the challenge remains to make the public machine more representative of Brazilian society as a whole.

Recomendaciones sobre el uso de la telemedicina aplicada a la patología nutricional / Recommendations on the use of telemedicine as applied to nutritional pathology

Introducción: la telemedicina puede mejorar la calidad asistencial y el uso de recursos. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha hecho necesaria su implementación en la práctica habitual. Por ello, un grupo de endocrinólogos de la Comunidad Valenciana, Murcia y Baleares creó un comité para su desarrollo. Objetivos: establecer unas recomendaciones para mejorar la calidad de la consulta de patología nutricional y diseñar unos indicadores para su gestión. Metodología: se siguió la metodología Delphi con participación de 13 profesionales con el fin de alcanzar el mayor consenso. Para ello se circuló un cuestionario de 16 puntos en 3 rondas: en la primera se estableció el grado de consenso; en la segunda, los participantes tuvieron acceso a los resultados de la primera y respondieron a las cuestiones planteadas. Se consideró que había acuerdo si el consenso era ≥ 75 % de los participantes, y que existía acuerdo fuerte si este era ≥ 90 %. Además, se estableció la temática de los indicadores de calidad. En la tercera se desarrollaron dichos indicadores. Resultados: tras 3 rondas y una reunión de revisión se establecieron los sobre aspectos organizativos 5 recomendaciones con acuerdo fuerte; sobre los aspectos administrativos, 6 recomendaciones con acuerdo fuerte y 4 con acuerdo. Se seleccionaron 8 indicadores de calidad que se desarrollaron en formato de fichas. Conclusiones: este documento recopila una serie de recomendaciones sobre cuestiones, necesidades y requisitos a tener en cuenta para una consulta telemática de calidad al paciente con patología nutricional. Así mismo, se han desarrollado unos indicadores para mejorar la calidad asistencial (AU)

Introduction: telemedicine can improve the standards of clinical care and use of resources. The COVID-19 pandemic has required its implementation in routine practice. For this reason, a group of endocrinologists from Valencia, Murcia and the Balearic Islands created a committee for its development. Objectives: to establish recommendations in order to improve the quality of consultation in nutritional disorders, and to create indicators for its management. Methodology: the Delphi methodology was followed with the participation of 13 professionals in order to reach the widest consensus. A 16-item questionnaire was distributed within 3 rounds: in the first round, the degree of consensus was established; in the second round, the participants responded to the posed questions after having access to the first-round results. Agreement was considered if ≥ 75 % participants reached consensus, while strong agreement was considered if consensus was reached by ≥ 90 %. In addition, quality indicators were established. In a third round, these indicators were developed. Results: after 3 rounds and a revision 5 recommendations with strong agreement were established based on organizational aspects. Regarding administrative aspects, 6 recommendations with strong agreement were established while 4 recommendations reached the level of agreement. Eight quality indicators were selected and developed. Conclusions this document compiles a list of recommendations about needs and requirements to be taken into account for a quality telematic consultation in patients with nutritional disorders. In addition, health care quality indicators have been created and developed (AU)

[What about the weekend effect? Impact of the day of admission on in-hospital mortality, length of stay and cost of hospitalization]. / ¿Qué hay del efecto fin de semana? Impacto del día de ingreso sobre la mortalidad intrahospitalaria, la duración de la estancia y el coste de la hospitalización.

INTRODUCTION: There is no agreement on the existence of the weekend effect in healthcare or, if it exists, on its possible causes. The objective of the study was to evaluate the differences in healthcare outcomes between patients admitted on weekdays or weekends in a high-complexity hospital. METHODS: Observational and retrospective study of patients admitted between 2016 and 2019 in a public hospital with more than 1300 beds. Hospitalization episodes were classified according to whether admission took place between Friday at 3:00 p.m. and the following Monday at 8:00 a.m. (weekend admission) or not (admission on weekdays). Mortality, length of stay and associated costs were compared, applying their respective risk-adjustment models. RESULTS: Of the total 169,495 hospitalization episodes analyzed, 48,201 (28.44%) corresponded to the weekend, presenting an older age (54.9 years vs. 53.9; P<.001), a higher crude mortality rate (5.22% vs. 4.59%; P<0.001), and a longer average length of stay (7.42 days vs. 6.74; P<.001), than those admitted on weekdays. The median crude cost of stay was lower (€731.25 vs. €850.88; P<0.001). No significant differences were found when applying the adjustment models, with a risk-adjusted mortality ratio of 1.03 (0.99-1.08) vs. 0.98 (0.95-1.01), risk-adjusted length of stay of 1.002 (0.98-1.005) vs. 0.999 (0.997-1.002) and risk-adjusted cost of stay of 0.928 (0.865-0.994) vs. 0.901 (0.843-0.962). CONCLUSION: The results of the study reveal that the assistance provided during the weekends does not imply worse health outcomes or increased costs. Comparing the impact between hospitals will require a future homogenization of temporal criteria and risk adjustment models.

[Recommendations on the use of telemedicine as applied to nutritional pathology]. / Recomendaciones sobre el uso de la telemedicina aplicada a la patología nutricional.

Introduction: Introduction: telemedicine can improve the standards of clinical care and use of resources. The COVID-19 pandemic has required its implementation in routine practice. For this reason, a group of endocrinologists from Valencia, Murcia and the Balearic Islands created a committee for its development. Objectives: to establish recommendations in order to improve the quality of consultation in nutritional disorders, and to create indicators for its management. Methodology: the Delphi methodology was followed with the participation of 13 professionals in order to reach the widest consensus. A 16-item questionnaire was distributed within 3 rounds: in the first round, the degree of consensus was established; in the second round, the participants responded to the posed questions after having access to the first-round results. Agreement was considered if ≥ 75 % participants reached consensus, while strong agreement was considered if consensus was reached by ≥ 90 %. In addition, quality indicators were established. In a third round, these indicators were developed. Results: after 3 rounds and a revision 5 recommendations with strong agreement were established based on organizational aspects. Regarding administrative aspects, 6 recommendations with strong agreement were established while 4 recommendations reached the level of agreement. Eight quality indicators were selected and developed. Conclusions: this document compiles a list of recommendations about needs and requirements to be taken into account for a quality telematic consultation in patients with nutritional disorders. In addition, health care quality indicators have been created and developed.

Introducción: Introducción: la telemedicina puede mejorar la calidad asistencial y el uso de recursos. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha hecho necesaria su implementación en la práctica habitual. Por ello, un grupo de endocrinólogos de la Comunidad Valenciana, Murcia y Baleares creó un comité para su desarrollo. Objetivos: establecer unas recomendaciones para mejorar la calidad de la consulta de patología nutricional y diseñar unos indicadores para su gestión. Metodología: se siguió la metodología Delphi con participación de 13 profesionales con el fin de alcanzar el mayor consenso. Para ello se circuló un cuestionario de 16 puntos en 3 rondas: en la primera se estableció el grado de consenso; en la segunda, los participantes tuvieron acceso a los resultados de la primera y respondieron a las cuestiones planteadas. Se consideró que había acuerdo si el consenso era ≥ 75 % de los participantes, y que existía acuerdo fuerte si este era ≥ 90 %. Además, se estableció la temática de los indicadores de calidad. En la tercera se desarrollaron dichos indicadores. Resultados: tras 3 rondas y una reunión de revisión se establecieron los sobre aspectos organizativos 5 recomendaciones con acuerdo fuerte; sobre los aspectos administrativos, 6 recomendaciones con acuerdo fuerte y 4 con acuerdo. Se seleccionaron 8 indicadores de calidad que se desarrollaron en formato de fichas. Conclusiones: este documento recopila una serie de recomendaciones sobre cuestiones, necesidades y requisitos a tener en cuenta para una consulta telemática de calidad al paciente con patología nutricional. Así mismo, se han desarrollado unos indicadores para mejorar la calidad asistencial.

Factors associated with diagnosis delay in head and neck cancer.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Tumour stage is an important prognostic factor in head and neck tumours. Many tumours are diagnosed in advanced stages despite almost universal healthcare and their being symptomatic. This paper seeks to determine the diagnostic delay in head and neck tumours in our health department, to analyse factors associated with delay and if it is associated with diagnosis in advanced stages. METHODS: Retrospective study of 137 patients with head and neck cancer diagnosed from 2016-2018. Patient delay, delay in primary health care, delay in secondary health care, diagnostic delay and possible associated factors (smoking, location, stage, …) were evaluated. RESULTS: Many patients (44.5%) were diagnosed in advanced stages. The median patient delay was 30 days. The median referral to otorhinolaryngology was 3.5 days. If the referral was made by another specialist (p = .008), the patients were under previous treatment (P=.000) and the tumours were in initial stages (P=.038) this delay was greater. The median from the first visit to otorhinolaryngology was 15 days, higher in regular referrals (43%) (P=.000). The median diagnostic delay was 12 days, higher in surgical biopsies (P=.000). The median professional delay was 58.5 days and total delay was 118.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Many head and neck tumours are diagnosed in advanced stages. A relationship was not found between diagnosis in advanced stages and diagnostic delay. However, steps must be taken to reduce these excessive delays.

Factores asociados a la demora diagnóstica en tumores de cabeza y cuello / Factors associated with diagnosis delay in head and neck cancer

Introducción y objetivos: El estadio tumoral al diagnóstico es clave en el pronóstico del cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Pese a un sistema sanitario casi universal y ser tumores generalmente sintomáticos, una gran proporción de tumores son diagnosticados en estadios avanzados. El objetivo es conocer el tiempo que se tarda en diagnosticar los tumores de cabeza y cuello en nuestro departamento de salud, analizar si existen factores asociados a su retraso y si este se asocia al diagnóstico en estadios avanzados. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 137 pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello diagnosticados de 2016-2018. Se evaluó la demora del paciente en la búsqueda de atención médica, en la prestación de la atención y en la obtención del diagnóstico, así como la existencia de factores asociados (tabaquismo, localización, estadio, etc.). Resultados: El 44,5% de los pacientes se diagnosticaron en estadios avanzados. Los pacientes tardaron en consultar una mediana de 30 días desde el inicio de los síntomas. Se tardó en derivar a Otorrinolaringología una mediana de 3,5 días. Se evidenció mayor retraso cuando la derivación la hacía otro especialista (p=0,008), si recibieron tratamiento previo (antibiótico, antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, etc.) (p=0,000) y en tumores en estadios iniciales (p=0,038). En la consulta de Otorrinolaringología fueron valorados 15 días después de la derivación. Este tiempo fue mayor en el 43% de los tumores que fueron remitidos de forma ordinaria (p=0,000). Se obtuvo el diagnóstico en 12 días desde la primera visita a Otorrinolaringología, mayor cuando se tomó la biopsia en quirófano (p=0,000). La mediana de retraso médico fue de 58,5 días y el retraso total 118,5 días. Conclusiones: Muchos tumores de cabeza y cuello siguen diagnosticándose en estadios avanzados. No se ha encontrado relación entre el diagnóstico en estadios avanzados y la demora en el diagnóstico. Aun así, es necesario adoptar medidas para disminuir estas excesivas demoras. (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Tumour stage is an important prognostic factor in head and neck tumours. Many tumours are diagnosed in advanced stages despite almost universal healthcare and their being symptomatic. This paper seeks to determine the diagnostic delay in head and neck tumours in our health department, to analyse factors associated with delay and if it is associated with diagnosis in advanced stages. Methods: Retrospective study of 137 patients with head and neck cancer diagnosed from 2016-2018. Patient delay, delay in primary health care, delay in secondary health care, diagnostic delay and possible associated factors (smoking, location, stage, …) were evaluated. Results: Many patients (44.5%) were diagnosed in advanced stages. The median patient delay was 30 days. The median referral to otorhinolaryngology was 3.5 days. If the referral was made by another specialist (p=.008), the patients were under previous treatment (P=.000) and the tumours were in initial stages (P=.038) this delay was greater. The median from the first visit to otorhinolaryngology was 15 days, higher in regular referrals (43%) (P=.000). The median diagnostic delay was 12 days, higher in surgical biopsies (P=.000). The median professional delay was 58.5 days and total delay was 118.5 days. Conclusions: Many head and neck tumours are diagnosed in advanced stages. A relationship was not found between diagnosis in advanced stages and diagnostic delay. However, steps must be taken to reduce these excessive delays. (AU)

A reflexividade sobre o processo de formação permanente dos gestores da atenção básica: implicações para a qualidade da assistência / Reflection on the ongoing training process of primary care managers: implications for the quality of care

A presente tese encontra-se inserida no Núcleo de Estudos Trabalho, Saúde e Educação ­ NUPETSE/EEAAC/UFF, na Linha de Pesquisa: O Cuidado em seu Contexto Sociocultural; cujo Objeto de Estudo é: O processo de formação e o desenvolvimento de competências de gestores da atenção básica de municípios do Noroeste Fluminense e suas implicações para a qualidade da assistência prestada aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Tem por Objetivos: Compreender as implicações da formação permanente de gestores da Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de Saúde em municípios do Noroeste Fluminense para a qualidade da assistência; Identificar o perfil profissional dos gestores da Atenção Básica de municípios do Noroeste Fluminense, a partir do diagnóstico situacional do cenário onde atuam; Descrever as competências necessárias para a prática profissional destes gestores; compreender de que modo a reflexividade sobre a própria prática influencia na formação profissional permanente do gestor em saúde; e, discutir sobre as implicações da formação permanente na prática profissional destes gestores e na qualidade da assistência prestada à população. Como Referencial Teórico, utilizou-se a teoria de Donald Schön, que traz a importância de uma formação baseada em um ensino reflexivo; e também Philippe Perrenoud e suas evidências de que as competências profissionais se constroem no processo de formação. Quanto à Metodologia, trata-se de uma Pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo Estudo de Caso. Tem como participantes gestores da Atenção Básica que atuam em quaisquer de seus programas e/ou estratégias, em municípios da Região Noroeste Fluminense. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, seguindo-se da técnica de observação não participante. Foi realizado o diagnóstico situacional dos municípios estudados no intuito de contribuir para a análise reflexiva sobre a formação profissional desses gestores e suas implicações para a qualidade da assistência na Atenção Básica de Saúde. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise de Bardin e, como recurso metodológico para dar forma ao movimento de análise, foi utilizado o Ciclo da Reflexividade, com base no movimento de ação-reflexão-ação. Dos Resultados, originaram-se três categorias: "O Conhecimento Sobre o Processo de Gestão para o Desenvolvimento de Competências"; "O papel da Instituição e do Profissional no Processo de Formação Permanente"; e "Reflexão sobre a Prática: O processo que impulsiona a qualidade da assistência". Confirma-se, portanto, a Tese que: A competência gerencial na Atenção Básica está relacionada à formação profissional permanente, baseada na reflexividade sobre a prática, com implicações positivas para a melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada a usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde do Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Conclui-se que os gestores, a partir da reflexividade crítica sobre o seu processo de formação profissional, percebem a importância de torná-la permanente, como uma estratégia para o fortalecimento de habilidades e o desenvolvimento de competências gerenciais, necessárias ao trabalho na Atenção Básica.

This thesis is inserted in the Work, Health and Education Studies Center ­ NUPETSE/EEAAC/UFF, in the Research Line: Care in its Sociocultural Context; whose Object of Study is: The process of training and development of competencies for primary care managers in municipalities in the Northwest of Rio de Janeiro and its implications for the quality of care provided to users of the Unified Health System. Its Objectives: To understand the implications of the permanent training of managers of Primary Care in the Unified Health System in municipalities in the Northwest of Rio de Janeiro, for the quality of care; Identify the professional profile of Primary Care managers in municipalities in the Northwest of Rio de Janeiro, based on the situational diagnosis of the scenario in which they operate; Describe the skills needed for the professional practice of these managers; Understand how reflexivity on the practice itself influences the permanent professional training of the health manager; and, Discuss the implications of continuing education in the professional practice of these managers and in the quality of care provided to the population. As a Theoretical Framework, Donald Schön's theories were used, which brings the importance of training based on reflective teaching; and also Philippe Perrenoud, and his evidence that professional competences are built in the training process. As for the Methodology, it is a descriptive research, of the qualitative approach, case study type. Its participants are managers of Primary Care, who work in any of its programs and / or strategies; in municipalities in the Northwest Region of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, followed by the non-participant observation technique. The situational diagnosis of the municipalities studied is being carried out in order to contribute to the reflective analysis on the professional training of these managers and their implications for the quality of care in Primary Health Care. Bardin's Analysis was used for data analysis and, as a methodological resource to shape the analysis movement, the Reflexivity Cycle was used, based on the action-reflection-action movement. From the Results, three categories emerged: "Knowledge about the Management Process for the Development of Competencies"; "Whose Fault is it? The role of the Institution and the Professional in the Ongoing Training Process"; and "Reflection on Practice: The process that drives the quality of care". Therefore, the Thesis is confirmed that: Managerial competence in Primary Care is related to permanent professional training, based on reflexivity on practice, with positive implications for improving the quality of care provided to users of the Unified Health System of the Northwest of the State of Rio de Janeiro. It is concluded that managers, based on critical reflexivity on their professional training process, perceive the importance of making it permanent, as a strategy for strengthening skills and developing managerial skills, necessary for work in Primary Care.

La presente tesis se inserta en el Centro de Estudios del Trabajo, la Salud y la Educación - NUPETSE/EEAAC/UFF, en la Línea de Investigación: El cuidado en su contexto sociocultural; cuyo Objeto de Estudio es: El proceso de formación y desarrollo de competencias de los gestores de atención primaria de los municipios del noroeste fluminense y sus implicaciones para la calidad de la atención prestada a los usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud. Sus objetivos son: Comprender las implicaciones de la formación permanente de los gestores de atención primaria del Sistema Único de Salud en los municipios del noroeste fluminense, para la calidad de la atención; Identificar el perfil profesional de los gestores de atención primaria en municipios del noroeste fluminense, a partir del diagnóstico situacional del escenario donde operan; Describir las habilidades necesarias para la práctica profesional de estos gerentes; Comprender cómo la reflexividad sobre la práctica misma influye en la formación profesional permanente del gestor de la salud; y, Discutir sobre las implicaciones de la formación continua en la práctica profesional de estos gestores y sobre la calidad de la atención prestada a la población. Como Referencia Teórica se utilizó la teoría de Donald Schön, que aporta la importancia de una formación basada en una enseñanza reflexiva; y también Philippe Perrenoud, y su evidencia de que las habilidades profesionales se construyen en el proceso de capacitación. En cuanto a la Metodología, se trata de una investigación descriptiva, con un enfoque cualitativo, del tipo Estudio de Caso. Sus participantes son gerentes de atención primaria, que trabajan en cualquiera de sus programas y/o estrategias; en municipios de la Región Noroeste de Fluminense. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, seguidas de la técnica de observación no participante. El diagnóstico situacional de los municipios estudiados se realizó con el fin de contribuir al análisis reflexivo de la formación profesional de estos gestores y sus implicaciones para la calidad asistencial en atención primaria de salud. Para el análisis de Bardin se utilizó el análisis de datos y, como recurso metodológico para dar forma al movimiento de análisis, se utilizó el Ciclo de Reflexividad, basado en el movimiento acción-reflexión-acción. A partir de los Resultados, se originaron tres categorías: "Conocimiento sobre el Proceso de Gestión para el Desarrollo de Habilidades"; "El papel de la Institución y del Profesional en el Proceso de Formación Permanente"; y "Reflexión sobre la práctica: el proceso que impulsa la calidad de la atención". Por lo tanto, se confirma la tesis de que: La competencia gerencial en Atención Primaria está relacionada con la formación profesional permanente, basada en la reflexividad sobre la práctica, con implicaciones positivas para mejorar la calidad de la atención brindada a los usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud del Noroeste del Estado de Río de Janeiro. Se concluye que los directivos, a partir de la reflexividad crítica sobre su proceso de formación profesional, perciben la importancia de hacerlo permanente, como una estrategia para el fortalecimiento de habilidades y el desarrollo de habilidades directivas, necesarias para el trabajo en Atención Primaria.

Gestão de serviços da atenção primária na pandemia da covid-19 em dois estados brasileiros

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre variáveis relacionadas à gestão de serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde e características profissionais no início da pandemia da COVID-19. Material e Método: Estudo transversal, tipo survey, realizado por meio de amostragem por conveniência, a partir do método bola de neve, que contemplou 259 profissionais de saúde da APS do Mato Grosso do Sul e São Paulo, atuantes na gestão e na assistência direta, no período inicial da pandemia. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado virtual. As variáveis "estado", "categoria profissional" e "função exercida" foram consideradas variáveis independentes; as variáveis "oferta de recursos humanos e de materiais" e "apoio da gestão", variáveis dependentes. A associação entre variáveis foi avaliada por meio do teste exato de Fisher. O nível de significância adotado foi 0,05. O projeto foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética através do CAAE n.° 31493920.8.0000.0021. Resultados: Os profissionais percebem fragilidades na oferta de recursos materiais e humanos e insatisfação quanto à logística no que se refere à gestão municipal (40%). A percepção quanto a logística de fluxos e transporte foi diferente entre profissionais que atuam na assistência e na gestão (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusão: Os profissionais percebem a gestão municipal da pandemia, em diferentes aspectos, como inadequada. Faz-se necessária a implementação de políticas públicas e de gestão que valorizem os serviços de APS e seus profissionais, garantindo condições adequadas de trabalho, o que refletirá em um melhor atendimento e satisfação para os usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Objective: To analyze the association between variables related to the management of Primary Health Care (PHC) services and professional characteristics at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, survey-type study, carried out through convenience sampling, using the snowball method, which included 259 PHC professionals in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo, working in management and direct care in the initial period of the pandemic. A virtual semi-structured questionnaire was applied. The variables "state", "professional category" and "function" were considered independent variables and "supply of human and material resources", as well as "management support" were considered dependent variables. The association between variables was assessed using Fisher's exact test. The significance level adopted was 0.05. The project was approved by the ethics committee with the code number 31493920.8.0000.0021. Results: Health professionals perceive weaknesses in the supply of material and human resources, as well as dissatisfaction with logistics regarding municipal management (40%). The perception of flow and transport logistics also varied among professionals working in care and management (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Professionals perceive municipal management of the pandemic, in different aspects, as inadequate. Therefore, it is necessary to implement public and management policies that value PHC services and their professionals, ensuring adequate working conditions, which can reflect in better care and satisfaction for users of the Brazilian Unified Health System.

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre variables relacionadas con la gestión de los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) y las características profesionales al inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19. Material y Método: Estudio transversal, de tipo survey, realizado por muestreo de conveniencia, utilizando el método de bola de nieve, que incluyó a 259 profesionales de salud de la APS en los estados de Mato Grosso do Sul y São Paulo, quienes se desempeñaban en gestión y atención directa durante el período inicial de la pandemia. Se aplicó un cuestionario virtual semiestructurado. Las variables "estado", "categoría profesional" y "función desempeñada" fueron consideradas variables independientes y la "oferta de recursos humanos y materiales", además del "apoyo a la gestión" se consideraron variables dependientes. La asociación entre variables se evaluó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. El nivel de significación adoptado fue de 0,05. El proyecto fue aprobado por el comité de ética a través del código CAAE n.° 31493920.8.0000.0021. Resultados: Los profesionales perciben debilidades en la oferta de recursos materiales y humanos e insatisfacción con la logística relativa a la gestión municipal (40%). La percepción del flujo y la logística del transporte fue diferente entre los profesionales que se desempeñan en el cuidado y la gestión (p≤0,05). Conclusión: Los profesionales perciben la gestión municipal de la pandemia, en diferentes aspectos, como inadecuada. Es necesario implementar políticas públicas y de gestión que valoricen los servicios de APS y a sus profesionales, asegurando condiciones de trabajo adecuadas que se reflejen en una mejor atención y satisfacción de los usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil.

Portfolio of services in Endocrinology and Nutrition. 2020 update.

Endocrinology and Nutrition is a medical specialty covering the study and treatment of diseases of the endocrine system, metabolism and those derived from the nutritional process, including knowledge of diagnostic techniques and dietary and therapeutic measures. In order to develop these activities and plan the management of resources allocated for this purpose, the so-called Portfolio of Services of the specialty has to be defined. A Portfolio of Services is defined as the set of techniques, technologies or procedures through which care services are provided in a healthcare centre, department or institution. It is an essential tool for organization of a hospital Unit or Department by defining the roles and procedures of its healthcare professionals, and also for structuring the resources required to perform the activity. It also allows for defining how to use these resources and identifying the objectives to be achieved, improving the quality of clinical care. Finally, the definition and preparation of the portfolio of services makes it possible to have an inventory of the offer of healthcare services and to detect new healthcare needs.

Análisis de la evolución de consultas atendidas en los servicios deurgencias españoles durante la primera ola pandémica / Analysis of the evolution of patients attended in Spanish emergency departments during the first wave of the pandemic

Fundamento: Describir el número de consultas, total y porCOVID-19, atendidas en servicios de urgencias hospitalarios(SUH) españoles durante marzo y abril de 2020, compararlocon el mismo periodo del año anterior, cuantificar el cambiode actividad asistencial e investigar la posible influencia deltamaño del hospital y de la seroprevalencia provincial deCOVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal. Se envió una encuesta a todoslos responsables de SUH españoles del sistema público de salud sobre el número de consultas atendidas durante marzo yabril de 2019 y de 2020. Se calculó el cambio de actividad asistencial por comunidad autónoma, y se comparó en función deltamaño del hospital y del impacto provincial de la pandemia.Resultados: Participaron el 66 % de los 283 SUH. Se observó undescenso del 49,2 % de las consultas totales (solo los SUH deCastilla-La Mancha mostraron un descenso inferior al 30 %) ydel 60 % de las consultas no-COVID-19 (solo los SUH de Asturias y Extremadura mostraron un descenso inferior al 50 %). elcambio de actividad asistencial no difirió en función del tamaño del hospital, pero sí en relación al impacto provincial de lapandemia, con una correlación directa respecto al descensode actividad no-COVID-19 (a mayor impacto, mayor descenso;R2 = 0,05; p = 0,002) e inversa en relación a la actividad global (amayor impacto, menor descenso; R2 = 0,05; p = 0,002).Conclusiones: Durante la primera ola pandémica descendió elnúmero de consultas en los SUH, si bien dicho descenso nose explica únicamente por la incidencia local de la pandemia.(AU)

Background: To describe the number of visits (total and perCOVID-19) attended by the Spanish hospital emergency departments (EDs) during March and April 2020 compared to thesame period in 2019, and to calculate the quantitative changesin healthcare activity and investigate the possible influence ofhospital size and regional COVID-19 seroprevalence. Method: Cross-sectional study that analyzes the number ofvisits to Spanish public EDs, reported through a survey ofED chiefs during the study periods. Changes in healthcareactivity were described in each autonomous community andcompared according to hospital size and the regional impactof the pandemic. Results: The 66% of the 283 Spanish EDs participated in thestudy. The total number of patients attended decreased to49.2 % (< 30 % in the Castilla-La Mancha region), with a 60 %reduction in non-COVID-19 patients (reduction < 50 % only inthe regions of Asturias and Extremadura). While there wereno differences in changes of healthcare activity according tothe size of the hospital, there were differences in relation tothe regional impact of the pandemic, with a direct correlationrelated to the decrease in non-COVID-19 activity (the greaterthe impact, the greater the decrease; R2 = 0.05; p = 0.002) andan inverse correlation to the overall activity (the greater theimpact, the lesser the decrease; R2 = 0.05; p = 0.002). Conclusion: There was a very significant decrease in the numberof ED visits during the first pandemic wave, although this decreasecannot be explained solely by the local incidence of the pandemic.(AU)

Portfolio of services in Endocrinology and Nutrition. 2020 update. / Cartera de servicios en Endocrinología y Nutrición. Actualización 2020.

Endocrinology and Nutrition is a medical specialty covering the study and treatment of diseases of the endocrine system, metabolism and those derived from the nutritional process, including knowledge of diagnostic techniques and dietary and therapeutic measures. In order to develop these activities and plan the management of resources allocated for this purpose, the so-called Portfolio of Services of the specialty has to be defined. A Portfolio of Services is defined as the set of techniques, technologies or procedures through which care services are provided in a healthcare centre, department or institution. It is an essential tool for organization of a hospital Unit or Department by defining the roles and procedures of its healthcare professionals, and also for structuring the resources required to perform the activity. It also allows for defining how to use these resources and identifying the objectives to be achieved, improving the quality of clinical care. Finally, the definition and preparation of the portfolio of services makes it possible to have an inventory of the offer of healthcare services and to detect new healthcare needs.

Factors associated with diagnosis delay in head and neck cancer. / Factores asociados a la demora diagnóstica en tumores de cabeza y cuello.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Tumour stage is an important prognostic factor in head and neck tumours. Many tumours are diagnosed in advanced stages despite almost universal healthcare and their being symptomatic. This paper seeks to determine the diagnostic delay in head and neck tumours in our health department, to analyse factors associated with delay and if it is associated with diagnosis in advanced stages. METHODS: Retrospective study of 137 patients with head and neck cancer diagnosed from 2016-2018. Patient delay, delay in primary health care, delay in secondary health care, diagnostic delay and possible associated factors (smoking, location, stage, …) were evaluated. RESULTS: Many patients (44.5%) were diagnosed in advanced stages. The median patient delay was 30 days. The median referral to otorhinolaryngology was 3.5 days. If the referral was made by another specialist (p=.008), the patients were under previous treatment (P=.000) and the tumours were in initial stages (P=.038) this delay was greater. The median from the first visit to otorhinolaryngology was 15 days, higher in regular referrals (43%) (P=.000). The median diagnostic delay was 12 days, higher in surgical biopsies (P=.000). The median professional delay was 58.5 days and total delay was 118.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Many head and neck tumours are diagnosed in advanced stages. A relationship was not found between diagnosis in advanced stages and diagnostic delay. However, steps must be taken to reduce these excessive delays.

[Health policy strategies for Patient Blood Management implementation throughout the Spanish health systems]. / Estrategias de gestión y política sanitaria para el desarrollo del Patient Blood Management en los sistemas de salud en España.

Patient Blood Management (PBM) programs have proven to be successful in reducing overuse and improving patient safety, clinical outcomes and efficiency. Despite its benefits, PBM is still scarcely used in real clinical practice with a high variability among hospitals in Spain. Recent guidelines from the European Union on how to implement PBM, as well as recommendations from experts in the field, suggest that further development in PBM implementation requires not only the participation of healthcare professionals but also the commitment and support of Health Authorities and senior hospital management. This article provides some thoughts on health care management and policy strategies to help implement PBM throughout the Spanish autonomous healthcare systems.

Will neurological care change over the next 5 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic? Key informant consensus survey. / ¿Va a cambiar la neurología tras la pandemia de COVID-19 en los próximos 5 años? Estudio de enfoque mediante informadores clave.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic will give rise to long-term changes in neurological care, which are not easily predictable. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A key informant survey was used to enquire about the changes expected in the specialty over the next 5 years. The survey was completed by heads of neurology departments with broad knowledge of the situation, having been active during the pandemic. RESULTS: Despite a low level of consensus between participants, there was strong (85%) and moderate consensus (70%) about certain subjects, mainly the increase in precautions to be taken, the use of telemedicine and teleconsultations, the reduction of care provided in in-person consultations to avoid the presence of large numbers of people in waiting rooms, the development of remote training solutions, and the changes in monitoring visits during clinical trials. There was consensus that there would be no changes to the indication of complementary testing or neurological examination. CONCLUSION: The key informant survey identified the foreseeable changes in neurological care after the pandemic.